Status Hukum Alkohol Perspektif Tafsir Ahkam
Authors
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Isnan Ansory
STIUDI ALHIKMAH JAKARTA
Keywords:
Alcohol; tafsir; istinbath; haram; mubahAbstract
Alkohol sebagai sebuah senyawa kimia sangat akrab digunakan dalam keseharian umat manusia. Sebagai suatu yang dikonsumi dan digunakan untuk keperluan industri, rumah tangga, kosmetik dan lainnya, penggunaan alkohol memiliki problematika tersendiri dalam kehidupan beragama umat Islam. Sebab tidak sedikit yang mengidentikkannya dengan khamer sebagai benda yang memiliki hukum spesifik dalam hukum Islam. Tulisan ini mengkaji persoalan status hukum alkohol berdasarkan kajian metodologis tafsir ahkam. Suatu corak penafsiran atas teks-teks al-Qur’an yang menitikberatkan pada tema-tema hukum fiqih berdasarkan pisau analisa ilmu Ushul Fiqih. Hal ini karena alkohol berdasarkan pengamatan, tidak identik dengan khamer yang status hukumnya telah jelas di dalam al-Qur’an. Berdasarkan pendekatan metode istinbath hukum ‘illat tasyri’i dan ‘illat qiyasi, dan secara spesifik berdasarkan varian ‘illat qiyasi berupa qiyas syabahi, maka disimpulkan sejumlah hukum terkait alkohol. Jika alkohol diperuntukkan sebagai bahan minuman yang berimplikasi memabukkan, maka berdasarkan teori qiyas syabahi, status hukum alkohol menjadi haram karena kedekatan ‘illatnya kepada khamer yaitu iskar (memabukkan). Sedangkan jika alkohol diperuntukkan untuk selain bahan minuman, maka berdasarkan qiyas syabahi, status alkohol lebih dekat kepada bahan-bahan dasarnya yang secara hukum asal adalah suci dan boleh digunakan.
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