Tinjauan Sistematis Studi Kualitatif tentang Penyesuaian Psikososial Pasca Stroke
Penulis
-
Bernadetta Y. Bako
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia; RS. Pusat Otak Nasional Prof Dr.dr.Mahar Mardjono
-
Elizabeth Kristi Poerwandari
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia
-
Yudiana Ratna Sari
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia
-
Sali Rahadi Asih
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia
Kata Kunci:
dampak stroke, emosi, kognitif, penyesuaian pasca stroke, studi kualitatifAbstrak
Stroke dapat menyebabkan berbagai dampak, mulai dari keterbatasan fisik dan verbal hingga masalah emosi dan kognitif. Penyesuaian psikososial pasca stroke menjadi salah satu kunci untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif tersebut. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dampak stroke terhadap kondisi emosional dan kognitif pasien, serta proses penyesuaian yang mereka jalani. Dengan berpedoman pada PRISMA 2020, tinjauan literatur ini menganalisis artikel ilmiah dari database Proquest, Scopus, PubMed, dan Google Scholar. Kriteria inklusi meliputi: (1) Penelitian kualitatif; (2) Fokus pada penyesuaian pasca stroke; (3) Publikasi dalam jurnal ilmiah tahun 2014-2024; (4) Bahasa Inggris. Kriteria eksklusi mencakup: (1) Penelitian tentang gangguan neurologis selain stroke (misalnya, cedera otak, demensia, Parkinson); (2) Penelitian yang tidak membahas penyesuaian pasca stroke; (3) Penelitian tinjauan sistematis atau meta-analisis. Dari 905 artikel yang diidentifikasi, terpilih 8 studi kualitatif yang memenuhi kriteria. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa stroke berdampak pada emosional pasien, seperti munculnya rasa kaget, takut, hilangnya kepercayaan diri, perubahan identitas diri, dan perasaan terisolasi. Pada aspek kognitif, dampaknya meliputi penurunan fungsi atensi, daya ingat, kesulitan dalam perencanaan, dan kelelahan berpikir. Hal ini berpengaruh pada aktivitas sehari-hari, seperti bekerja dan bersosialisasi. Tinjauan ini juga menyoroti bahwa penyesuaian pasca stroke merupakan proses kompleks yang melibatkan aspek biologis, psikologis, dan sosial. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan bagi psikologi kesehatan, khususnya dalam memahami penyesuaian pasca stroke.
Referensi
Abdullah, A. H., Sharip, S., Rahman, A. H. A., & Bakar, L. (2021). Cognitive reserve in stroke patients. PsyCh Journal, 10(3), 444–452. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.423
Bennett, K. J., Leese, J., Davis, J. C., Eng, J. J., & Liu-Ambrose, T. (2023). Exploring the experience of cognitive changes among community-dwelling stroke survivors: A qualitative study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 0(0), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2023.2210309
Champigny, C. M., Feldman, S. J., Westmacott, R., Wojtowicz, M., Aurin, C., Dlamini, N., Dirks, P., & Desrocher, M. (2023). Adjusting to life after pediatric stroke: A qualitative study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 65(10), 1357–1365. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.15556
Crowe, C., Coen, R. F., Kidd, N., Hevey, D., Cooney, J., & Harbison, J. (2016). A qualitative study of the experience of psychological distress post-stroke. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(11), 2572–2579. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315581067
Engel, G. L. (1979). The biopsychosocial model and the education of health professionals. General Hospital Psychiatry, 1(2), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(79)90062-8
Fitzgerald, S., Gracey, F., & Broomfield, N. (2022). Post-stroke emotionalism (PSE): A qualitative longitudinal study exploring individuals’ experience with PSE. Disability and Rehabilitation, 44(25), 7891–7903. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2021.2002439
Gil-Pagés, M., Sánchez-Carrión, R., Tormos, J. M., Enseñat-Cantallops, A., & García-Molina, A. (2019). A positive relationship between cognitive reserve and cognitive function after stroke: Dynamic proxies correlate better than static proxies. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 25(9), 910–921. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617719000638
Jani, B. D., Simpson, R., Lawrence, M., Simpson, S., & Mercer, S. W. (2018). Acceptability of mindfulness from the perspective of stroke survivors and caregivers: A qualitative study. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-018-0244-1
Knapp, P., & Lightbody, E. (2019). Emotional and cognitive changes following a stroke. In Stroke Nursing: Second Edition (pp. 259–279). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119581161.ch11
Lubkin, I. M., & Larsen, P. D. (2013). Chronic illness: Impact and intervention. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Moss, B., Northcott, S., Behn, N., Monnelly, K., Marshall, J., Thomas, S., Simpson, A., Goldsmith, K., McVicker, S., Flood, C., & Hilari, K. (2021). ‘Emotion is of the essence … Number one priority’: A nested qualitative study exploring psychosocial
adjustment to stroke and aphasia. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 56(3), 594–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12616
Munthe-Kaas, R., Aam, S., Saltvedt, I., Wyller, T. B., Pendlebury, S. T., Lydersen, S., Hagberg, G., Schellhorn, T., Rostoft, S., & Ihle-Hansen, H. (2022). Is frailty index a better predictor than pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale for neurocognitive outcomes 3 months post-stroke? BMC Geriatrics, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-02840-y
Nunnari, D., Bramanti, P., & Marino, S. (2014). Cognitive reserve in stroke and traumatic brain injury patients. Neurological Sciences, 35(10), 1513–1518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1897-z
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Pettigrew, C., & Soldan, A. (2019). Defining cognitive reserve and implications for cognitive aging. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-019-0917-z
Rosenich, E., Hordacre, B., Paquet, C., Koblar, S. A., & Hillier, S. L. (2020). Cognitive reserve as an emerging concept in stroke recovery. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 34(3), 187–199. https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968320907071
Sacco, R. L., Kasner, S. E., Broderick, J. P., Caplan, L. R., Connors, J. J., Culebras, A., Elkind, M. S. V., George, M. G., Hamdan, A. D., Higashida, R. T., Hoh, B. L., Janis, L. S., Kase, C. S., Kleindorfer, D. O., Lee, J. M., Moseley, M. E., Peterson, E. D., Turan, T. N., Valderrama, A. L., & Vinters, H. V. (2013). An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 44(7), 2064–2089. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0b013e318296aeca
Sarre, S., Redlich, C., Tinker, A., Sadler, E., Bhalla, A., & McKevitt, C. (2014). A systematic review of qualitative studies on adjusting after stroke: Lessons for the study of resilience. Disability and Rehabilitation, 36(9), 716–726. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2013.814724
Scobbie, L., Brady, M. C., Duncan, E. A. S., & Wyke, S. (2021). Goal attainment, adjustment and disengagement in the first year after stroke: A qualitative study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 31(5), 691–709. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2020.1724803
Taule, T., & Råheim, M. (2014). Life changed existentially: A qualitative study of experiences at 6–8 months after mild stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 36(25), 2107–2119. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2014.904448
Theadom, A., Rutherford, S., Kent, B., & McPherson, K. (2019). The process of adjustment over time following stroke: A longitudinal qualitative study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 29(9), 1464–1474. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2018.1440609
Wade, D. T., & Halligan, P. W. (2017). The biopsychosocial model of illness: A model whose time has come. Clinical Rehabilitation, 31(8), 995–1004. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215517709890
Wen, L., Cui, Y., Chen, X., Han, C., & Bai, X. (2023).Here’s the continuation of the APA 7th edition reference list:
Wen, L., Cui, Y., Chen, X., Han, C., & Bai, X. (2023). Psychosocial adjustment and its influencing factors among head and neck cancer survivors after radiotherapy: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102274
World Health Organization. (2005). WHO STEPS Stroke Manual. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/chp/steps/Stroke/en/
Wray, F., Clarke, D., & Forster, A. (2019). How do stroke survivors with communication difficulties manage life after stroke in the first year? A qualitative study. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 54(5), 814–827. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12487
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Psikologi Kesehatan
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
