Tinjauan Sistematis Studi Kualitatif tentang Penyesuaian Psikososial Pasca Stroke
Authors
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Bernadetta Y. Bako
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia; RS. Pusat Otak Nasional Prof Dr.dr.Mahar Mardjono
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Elizabeth Kristi Poerwandari
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia
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Yudiana Ratna Sari
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia
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Sali Rahadi Asih
Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia
Keywords:
dampak stroke, emosi, kognitif, penyesuaian pasca stroke, studi kualitatifAbstract
Stroke dapat menyebabkan berbagai dampak, mulai dari keterbatasan fisik dan verbal hingga masalah emosi dan kognitif. Penyesuaian psikososial pasca stroke menjadi salah satu kunci untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif tersebut. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dampak stroke terhadap kondisi emosional dan kognitif pasien, serta proses penyesuaian yang mereka jalani. Dengan berpedoman pada PRISMA 2020, tinjauan literatur ini menganalisis artikel ilmiah dari database Proquest, Scopus, PubMed, dan Google Scholar. Kriteria inklusi meliputi: (1) Penelitian kualitatif; (2) Fokus pada penyesuaian pasca stroke; (3) Publikasi dalam jurnal ilmiah tahun 2014-2024; (4) Bahasa Inggris. Kriteria eksklusi mencakup: (1) Penelitian tentang gangguan neurologis selain stroke (misalnya, cedera otak, demensia, Parkinson); (2) Penelitian yang tidak membahas penyesuaian pasca stroke; (3) Penelitian tinjauan sistematis atau meta-analisis. Dari 905 artikel yang diidentifikasi, terpilih 8 studi kualitatif yang memenuhi kriteria. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa stroke berdampak pada emosional pasien, seperti munculnya rasa kaget, takut, hilangnya kepercayaan diri, perubahan identitas diri, dan perasaan terisolasi. Pada aspek kognitif, dampaknya meliputi penurunan fungsi atensi, daya ingat, kesulitan dalam perencanaan, dan kelelahan berpikir. Hal ini berpengaruh pada aktivitas sehari-hari, seperti bekerja dan bersosialisasi. Tinjauan ini juga menyoroti bahwa penyesuaian pasca stroke merupakan proses kompleks yang melibatkan aspek biologis, psikologis, dan sosial. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan bagi psikologi kesehatan, khususnya dalam memahami penyesuaian pasca stroke.
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