Uji Validitas Kuesioner Fonseca dalam Menilai Gangguan Temporomandibula (TMD) pada Karyawan Universitas YARSI

Helwiah Umniyati

Abstract


Pendahuluan: Salah satu nyeri orofasial yang sering dikeluhkan pasien seperti sakit kepala, nyeri di sekitar leher, nyeri pada wajah dan telinga adalah gangguan temporomandibula / temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Biasanya pasien tidak menyadari tanda dan gejala gangguan temporomandibula. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi TMD, seperti trauma oklusi, gigi tanggal, kebiasaan buruk dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji validitas kuesioner Fonseca dalam menilai gangguan temporomandibula (TMD), dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan klinis pada karyawan Universitas YARSI.  Bahan dan Metode Penelitian:  Dilakukan studi analitik cross sectional dengan sampel 225 karyawan Universitas YARSI. Kami menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling. Data dievaluasi menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil: Ditemukan prevalensi TMD dengan pemeriksaan klinis lebih tinggi dibandingkan kuesioner Fonseca yaitu 57,8% dan 50,7%. Kebanyakan dari sampel mengalami TMD ringan. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara TMD berdasarkan kuesioner Fonseca dan TMD dengan pemeriksaan klinis (p <0,05). Berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis, tidak didapatkan perbedaan TMD berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia responden dan status gigi hilang. Hanya pendidikan dan status pekerjaan yang memiliki hubungan bermakna. Pada uji validitas hasil kuisioner dan pemeriksaan klinis didapatkan sensitivitas 65% dan spesifisitas 71%. Simpulan: Kuisioner Fonseca merupakan alat yang cukup baik untuk skrining gangguan pada temporomandibular (TMD) di masyarakat, mungkin perlu memodifikasi pertanyaan agar dapat meningkatkan validitas.

Keywords


Gangguan sendi temporomandibular (TMD); kuesioner Fonseca; pemeriksaan klinis; pegawai Universitas YARSI

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33476/mkp.v12i2.1751

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