PERAN PSIKOLOGI DALAM PENANGANAN PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER DI INDONESIA
Authors
-
Henndy Ginting
Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung
Keywords:
PJK, tipe D, kecemasan, depresi, miskonsepsiAbstract
Perilaku hidup tidak sehat sering kali dikaitkan dengan tingginya prevalensi dan mortalitas penyakit jantung koroner (PJK), dan faktor emosi serta kognisi cukup berperan di dalam hal tersebut. Masih sangat sedikit penelitian tentang faktor psikososial pada pasien PJK di Indonesia, sedangkan para dokter sering kali kurang memperhatikan faktor-faktor psikososial dalam interaksinya dengan pasien. Tulisan ini merangkum hasil dari tiga penelitian (terdiri dari satu penelitian korelasional dan dua eksperimental) mengenai faktor psikososial pada pasien PJK di Indonesia. Total partisipan di dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 571 pasien PJK dan 35 individu sehat. Berbagai alat ukur menyangkut faktor psikososial (seperti: BDI-II, STAI, BAI, YCBQ, DS-14, MSPSS, HBI, dan Stroop Tasks) digunakan di dalam penelitian ini. Ditemukan bahwa pasien PJK di Indonesia yang memilik kepribadian Tipe D (distressed) cenderung lebih sulit mengembangkan perilaku hidup sehat dan lebih negatif dalam mempersepsi dukungan sosial baik dari anggota keluarga, teman, maupun orang-orang signifikan lainnya. Studi ekperimen kami juga menunjukkan bahwa pasien PJK memberikan atensi yang lebih besar terhadap kata-kata yang menyangkut penyakitnya, dan bias atensi ini berhubungan dengan kecemasan. Studi eksperimen lainnya menunjukkan bahwa koreksi terhadap miskonsepsi tentang PJK dapat meningkatkan keyakinan positif pasien terhadap penyakitnya dan pada gilirannya dapat meredakan kecemasan dan depresi. Sebagai implikasi klinis, temuan-temuan ini dapat membantu penanganan faktor psikososial, baik dalam diagnostik maupun intervensi, dan juga menggugah kesadaran pihak-pihak terkait tentang pentingnya memberi perhatian terhadap faktor-faktor psikososial pada pasien PJK di Indonesia.
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