PERANAN TEKNOLOGI DI DUNIA KESEHATAN MENTAL : EFEKTIVITAS HEART RATE VARIABILITY BIOFEEDBACK DALAM MENURUNKAN STRES
Authors
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Insan Firdaus
Universitas Kebangsaan – Center of Behaviour Research
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Ria Khairunnisa
Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka – Fakultas Psikologi
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Riris Nurhanifiyanti
Universitas Tarumanagara – Fakultas Psikologi
Keywords:
Heart rate variability biofeedback, StresAbstract
Paper ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan sebuah perspektif baru yang didapatkan berdasarkan studi literatur mengenai solusi alternatif untuk menurunkan tingkat stres pada individu di Indonesia. Stress pada umumnya merupakan reaksi nonspesifik terhadap berbagai tuntutan yang menimbulkan respon fisiologis dan perilaku serta dialami oleh berbagai kalangan ataupun umur. Stres seringkali dapat menjadi sebuah awal dari munculnya gangguan-gangguan psikologis lain jika tidak ditangani dengan baik. Kondisi stres dapat ditangani dengan lebih baik jika kita mampu mengenali tanda-tanda biologis pada tubuh ketika stres mulai terjadi. Heart rate variability (HRV), variasi dari interval antar detak jantung yang diukur berdasarkan variasi interval beat-to-beat, dan dimodulasi oleh autonomic nervous system, dapat menjadi sebuah biomarker untuk mengukur tingkat stres. HRV dan stres sangatlah berkaitan, mengingat bahwa tingkat HRV yang rendah menunjukkan buruknya sistem regulasi diri seseorang dalam menghadapi stres dan seringkali dikaitkan juga dengan berbagai gangguan psikologis lain seperti kecemasan dan depresi. Dengan kata lain, jika individu dapat meningkatkan HRV, maka individu tersebut dapat merespons kondisi stres dengan baik. Melihat fakta ini, sebuah teknologi biofeedback pun dikembangkan sebagai sebuah solusi alternatif yang mampu menurunkan stres dan meningkatkan HRV pemakainya. Teknologi biofeedback yang disebut dengan heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) merupakan sebuah intervensi berupa instrumen biofeedback yang secara spesifik mengukur HRV, bersifat invasif, mudah, dan aman serta digunakan melalui latihan pernafasan secara perlahan untuk dapat meningkatkan HRV. Berbagai studi mengenai HRV-BF pun dilakukan untuk menunjukkan efektivitas alat ini dalam menurunkan stres dan gejala-gejala yang terkait, serta dapat meningkatkan kualitas psikologis individu.
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