Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Maja (Aegle marmelos (L) Corr) sebagai Larvasida Aedes aegypti
Authors
-
Monica Puspa Sari
-
Rina Priastini Susilowati
Keywords:
Daun maja, Alkaloid, Mortalitas, Aedes aegyptiAbstract
Tanaman maja (Aegle marmelos), dikenal dengan Bael atau Maja dapat ditemukan disekitar kita, dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai larvasida alami karena ramah lingkungan dan relatif lebih aman bila dibandingkan dengan pestisida kimiawi yang mulai menimbulkan resistensi bagi hewan targetnya. Kandungan beberapa senyawa kimia seperti alkaloid, terpenoid dan tannin kemungkinan bersifat larvasida maka diperlukan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak daun maja menggunakan pelarut etil asetat dan etanol efektif dapat membunuh larva Aedes aegypti dengan berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 1%; 2%; 4%, 8%; dan 16%, dengan satu kelompok kontrol positif berupa temephos 1% dan kontrol negatif (tanpa paparan). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan ulangan sebanyak empat kali. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium penelitian fakultas kedokteran Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana (UKRIDA) dengan populasi larva sebanyak 25 larva per ulangan. Kematian larva Aedes aegypti diamati 24 jam setelah terpapar. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis menggunakan uji one way Anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil (uji BNT) untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara temephos 1% dengan ekstrak daun maja dosis bertingkat yang menggunakan pelarut etil asetat maupun etanol dalam berbagai konsentrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai LC50 dan LC90 dari pelarut etil asetat sebesar 2,03% dan 3,04%. Sedangkan nilai LC50 dan LC90 menggunakan pelarut etanol sebesar 4,12% dan 10,82%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun maja menggunakan pelarut etil asetat mempunyai aktivitas larvasida yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan menggunakan pelarut etanol.References
Akram W, Khan HAA, Hafeez F, Bilal H, Kim YK, & Lee JJ 2010. Potential of citrus seed extracts against dengue fever mosquito, Aedes albopic tus (Skuse) (Culicidae: Diptera). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(5), 3343–3348.
Beidokhti MN, & Prakash HS 2013. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of selected medicinal plants of Lamiaceae family. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(SUPPL.1), 100–104.
Benni, J, Suresha R, & Jayanthi M 2011. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Aegle marmelos (Bilwa) root. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 43(4), 393. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.83108.
Borah R, Kalita MC, Kar A, & Talukdar AK 2010. Larvicidal efficacy of Toddalia asiatica (Linn.) Lam against two mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(17), 2527–2530. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB09.1786.
Dass K, & Mariappan P 2014. Larvicidal Activity of Aegle marmelos , Coleus aromaticus and Vitex negundo Leaf Extract Against Filarial Vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 1, 858–862.
Elango G, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Kamaraj C, Zahir AA, & Venkatesan C 2009. Laboratory study on larvicidal activity of indigenous plant extracts against Anopheles subpictus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Parasitology Research, 104(6), 1381–1388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1339-7.
Fahmi U 2010. Buletin Jendela Epidemiologi : Manajemen Demam Berdarrah Berbasis Wilayah. Pusat Data Dan Survailans Epidemiologi Kemenkes RI, 2. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/ISSN%202442-7659.
Fatmawati I 2015. Efektivitas Buah Maja ( $ HJOH 0DUPHORV ( L .) Corr .) sebagai Bahan Pembersih Logam Besi. Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya Borobudur, 9(1), 81–87.
Ghosh A 2013. Efficacy of phytosterol as mosquito larvicide. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 3(3), 252. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60050-x.
Hadi UK, Soviana S, & Gunandini DD 2013. Aktivitas nokturnal vektor demam berdarah dengue di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia, 9(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5994/jei.9.1.1.
Kaushik R, & Saini P 2008. Larvicidal activity of leaf extract of Millingtonia hortensis (Family: Bignoniaceae) against Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 45(1), 66–69.
Kemenkes RI 2017. Kemenkes Optimalkan Psn Cegah Dbd, 2–3.
Kim SIl, & Ahn YJ 2017. Larvicidal activity of lignans and alkaloid identified in Zanthoxylum piperitum bark toward insecticide-susceptible and wild Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti. Parasites and Vectors, 10(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2154-0.
Komalamisra N, Trongtokit Y, Rongsriyam Y, & Apiwathnasorn C 2005. S OUTHEAST A SIAN J T ROP M ED P UBLIC H EALTH SCREENING FOR LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY IN SOME THAI, 36(6).
Manimegalai K, & Annapoorani CA 2013. International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences ( IRJPAS ) AEGLE MARMELOS AS AN EFFECTIVE AGENT AGAINST THE FOURTH INSTAR LARVAE OF CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS ( DIPTERA : CULICIDAE ), 3(4), 64–68.
Ndione RD, Faye O, Ndiaye M, Dieye A, & Marie J 2007. Toxic Effects of Neem Products ( Azadirachta indica A . Juss ) on Aedes aegypti Linnaeus 1762 Larvae. Journal of Biotechnology, 6(24), 2846–2854.
Patel AR, Garach D, Chakraborty M, & Kamath JV 2012. Aegle marmelos (Linn.): A therapeutic boon for human health. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 3(2), 159–163. Retrieved from http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L365979824%5Cnhttp://sfx.umd.edu/hs?sid=EMBASE&issn=22774343&id=doi:&atitle=Aegle+marmelos+%28Linn.%29%3A+A+therapeutic+boon+for+human+health&stitle=Intern.+J.+Res.+Ayurveda+Pharm.&t.
Patil SV, Patil CD, Salunkhe RB, & Salunke, B. K. (2010). Larvicidal activities of six plants extracts against two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Tropical Biomedicine.
Patkar AlN, Desai NV, Ranage AiA, Kalekar KSr 2012. a Review on Aegle Marmelos: a Potential Medicinal Tree. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 3(8), 86–91. Retrieved from www.irjponline.com.
Rathy MC, Sajith U, & Harilal CC 2015. Larvicidal efficacy of medicinal plant extracts against the vector mosquito Aedes albopictus. International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2(2), 80–82.
Reddy VP, & Urooj A 2013. Antioxidant properties and stability of aegle marmelos leaves extracts. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 50(1), 135–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-010-0221-z.
Reegan AD, Gandhi MR, Paulraj MG, & Ignacimuthu S 2015. Ovicidal and Oviposition Deterrent Activities of Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Aedes aegypti L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 6(1), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.08.009.
Rueda LM 2008. Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment, (January 1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8259-7.
S Dhankhar eep, Ruhil S, Balhara M, Dhankhar S, & Chhillar AK 2011. Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa: A potential source of Phytomedicine. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(9), 1497–1507. Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/article-abstract/0BA544C17458.
Sari MP, Susilowati RP, Parasitologi D, Medicine F, & Christian KW nd. LARVACIDE EFFICATION TEST OF MAJA ( Aegle Marmelos ) LEAVES POWDER ON Aedes aegypti, (L), 194–200.
WHO 2011. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Revised and expanded edition. SEARO Technical. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
World Health Organization 2009. Preventive and control of dengue hemmorhagic fever. Dengue Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, 160. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761992000700024.
