Tingkat Depresi Keluarga Dengan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (Abk) Di Sekolah Luar Biasa (Slb) Kabupaten Kendal
Authors
-
Nura Eky Vikawati
-
Anggari Linda Destiana
-
Hesty Wahyuningsih
Keywords:
Anak berkebutuhan khusus, depresi, Sekolah Luar Biasa, Dissabilitas IntelektualAbstract
Anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) membutuhkan perhatian lebih di segala bidang, tak jarang mereka mendatangkan masalah tersendiri bagi keluarganya. Beberapa penelitian menunjukan hubungan positif antara orang tua ABK dengan gejala psikopatologi termasuk depresi. SLB Negeri Kendal merupakan SLB terbesar di Kabupaten Kendal yang memiliki kurang lebih 183 siswa dengan ABK baik tuna grahita, tuna netra, tuna rungu, dan tuna daksa. Penelitian tentang pengukuran tingkat depresi pada keluarga dengan ABK di SLB Negeri Kendal belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya.
Tingkat depresi diukur menggunakan Beck depression inventory (BDI). Sampling dilakukan dengan metode purposive random sampling dari wali murid (ayah, ibu, nenek, tante) Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa (SDLB). Data demografi berupa hubungan responden dengan ABK, tingkat pendidikan dan pekerjaan, serta tingkat depresi ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel dan pie chart.
Penelitian ini melibatkan 54 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Dari 54 responden didapatkan 46.3% (25/54) memiliki skor BDI normal, 29.6% (16/54) dengan gangguan mood ringan, 9.3% (5/54) dengan depresi borderline, 11.1% (6/54) dengan depresi moderat, dan 3.7% (2/54) dengan depresi berat. Mayoritas responden merupakan first degree relative (66.7% ibu dan 24.1% ayah). Kebanyakan dari responden merupakan lulusan SD (33.3%) dan mayoritas bekerja sebagai IRT (55.6%).
Mayoritas keluarga ABK di SDLB Kabupaten Kendal pada penelitian ini tidak mengalami gejala depresi.References
Al-towairqi W et al., 2015. ‘Depression among mothers of autistic spectral disorder children’, International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2(2), pp. 119–126. doi: 10.5455/2349-3291.ijcp20150511.
Aldosari MS and Pufpaff LA 2014. ‘Sources of Stress among Parents of Children with Intellectual Disabilities : A Preliminary Investigation in Saudi Arabia’, The Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship, 3(1), pp. 1–21.
Ariesti BF and Ardani I 2017. ‘Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Dengan Anak Tuna Grahita Berdasarkan Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ( Ham-A ) Di Sekolah Luar Biasa C Dan C1 Negeri Kota Denpasar Tahun 2014’, E-Jurnal Medika, 6(3), pp. 1–6.
Awadalla HI et al., 2010. ‘Determinants of maternal adaptation to mentally disabled children in El Minia, Egypt.’, Eastern Mediterranean health journal, 16(7), pp. 759–764.
Azeem MW et al., 2013. ‘Anxiety and Depression among Parents of Children with Intellectual Disability in Pakistan’, J Can Adad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 22(4), pp. 290–295.
Bailey DB et al., 2007. ‘Maternal Depression and Developmental Disability: Research Critique.’, Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 13(August), pp. 313 – 320. doi: 10.1002/mrdd.
Bayat M et al., 2011. ‘The Comparison of Psychological Problems Between Parents of Intellectual Disabilities Children and Parents of Normal Children’, World Applied Sciences Journal, 12(4), pp. 471–475.
Beck A et al., 1961. ‘Inventory for Measuring Depression’, Library, 4(June), pp. 561–571. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004.
Cramm JM and Nieboer AP 2011. ‘Psychological well-being of caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities: Using parental stress as a mediating factor’, Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 15(2), pp. 101–113. doi: 10.1177/1744629511410922.
England MJ, Sim LJ and Practices P 2009. Depression in Parents , Parenting , and Children.
Falk N 2014. ‘The Factors Predicting Stress, Anxiety and Depression in the Parents of Children with Autism’, Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 44(12), pp. 3185–3203. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2189-4.
Fareo DO 2015. ‘Counselling Intervention and Support Programmes for Families of Children with Special Educational Needs’, Journal of Education and Practice, 6(7), pp. 20–27. Available at: http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/20668.
Lee J 2013. ‘Maternal stress, well-being, and impaired sleep in mothers of children with developmental disabilities: A literature review’, Research in Developmental Disabilities. Elsevier Ltd, 34(11), pp. 4255–4273. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.09.008.
Lovell B, Moss M and Wetherell MA 2012. ‘With a little help from my friends: Psychological, endocrine and health corollaries of social support in parental caregivers of children with autism or ADHD’, Research in Developmental Disabilities. Elsevier Ltd, 33(2), pp. 682–687. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.11.014.
Maslim R 2013. Diagnosis Gangguan Jiwa Rujukan Ringkas PPDGJ-III dan DSM-V. Cetakan ke. Jakarta: PT. NUH JAYA.
Nosheen R and Khaula M 2014. ‘Anxiety and Depression in Mothers of Disabled and Non-Disabled Children’, ANNALS, 20(4), pp. 313–320.
Pusat Data Dan Statistik Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 2016. ‘Statistik Sekolah Luar Biasa ( Slb )’, Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Sekretariatan Jenderal Pusat Data Dan Statistik Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan RI.
Schalock R et al., 2007. User’s Guide: Mental Retardation: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Supports. 10th edn. Washington DC: American Associationn on Intellectual and Developmental Dissabilities.
Smith AM and Grzywacz JG 2014. ‘Health and well-being in midlife parents of children with special health needs.’, Families, systems & health : the journal of collaborative family healthcare, 32(3), pp. 303–12. doi: 10.1037/fsh0000049.
Tabassum R and Mohsin N 2013. ‘Depression and anxiety among parents of children with disabilities: a case study from developing world’, International Journal of Environment, Ecology, Family and Urban studies (IJEEFUS), 3(5), pp. 33–40.
Tampubolon G and Hanandita W 2014. ‘Poverty and mental health in indonesia’, Social Science and Medicine. Elsevier Ltd, 106, pp. 20–27. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.012.
Totsika V et al., 2011. ‘A population-based investigation of behavioural and emotional problems and maternal mental health: Associations with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability’, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 52(1), pp. 91–99. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02295.x.
World Health Organization 2017. ‘Depression and other common mental disorders: global health estimates’, World Health Organization, pp. 1–24. doi: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
