Pengaruh Self-Enhancement dan Authenticity terhadap Prediksi Diri Masa Depan

Authors

  • Amalia Adhandayani Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia
  • Bagus Takwin Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.24854/jps.v6i1.637

Keywords:

Self-Enhancement, Authenticity, Future Predictions, Psychological Distance

Abstract

Future predictions are meaningful for human life. This study aims to examine the effect of self-enhancement on the individual and authentic or unauthentic experiences that individuals have for predicting the future of their lives. In addition, this study is expected to enrich the literature on self-enhancement in Indonesia. This research using experimental method with design of random assignment 2 (self-enhancement: high vs low) x 2 (authenticity: authentic vs. not authentic) and between subjects. 120 participants were included in this study. ANOVA factorial analysis technique was used to see the differences in between tested groups. The results show that people with high self-enhancement have better results in future predictions than people with low self-enhancement. With a distant psychological distance, individuals will be more likely to have more positive predictions of the future, so the high or low level of one's self-enhancement does not impact the future scenario they make. Regardless of authentic or inauthentic experience, the results of this study show that most participants present their future picture optimistically.Furthermore, it is expected in subsequent research to increase the number of participants so that the experimental results can be analyzed more optimally.

References

Adams, G.R., & Marshall, S.K. (1996). A developmental social psychology of identity: Understanding the person-in context. Journal of adolescence, 19(5), 329-442.

Alicke, M.D., & Sedikides, C. (2011). Handbook of self-enhancement and self-protection. Guilford Press.

Alloy, L.B., & Ahrens, A. H. (1987). Depression and pessimism for the future: biased use of statistically relevant information in predictions for self versus others. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(2), 366.

Blaine, B., & Crocker, J. (1993). Self-esteem and self-serving biases in reactions to positive and negative events: An integrative review. Dalam Self-esteem (hal. 55-85). Springer, Boston, MA.

Bland, J. (2016, Januari 7). Accuracy and ambition - why do we try to predict the future? Diunduh dari https://www.nesta.org.uk/blog/accuracy-and-ambition-why-do-we-try-to-predict-the-future/

Beauregard, K.S., & Dunning, D. (1998). Turning up the contrast: self-enhancement motives prompt egocentric contrast effects in social judgments. Journal of personality and social psychology, 74(3), 606.

Chambers, J. R., & Windschitl, P. D. (2004). Biases in social comparative judgments: the role of nonmotivated factors in above-average and comparative-optimism effects. Psychological bulletin, 130(5), 813.

Cross, S. E., Gore, J. S., & Morris, M. L. (2003). The relational-interdependent self-construal, self-concept consistency, and well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 85(5), 933.

Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self:

Integration in personality. Tn R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Perspectives on motivation (Vol. 38, hal. 237-288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Dunning, D. (2007). Selfâ€image motives and consumer behavior: how sacrosanct selfâ€beliefs sway preferences in the marketplace. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 17(4), 237-249.

Dunning, D., & Story, A. L. (1991). Depression, realism, and the overconfidence effect: Are the sadder wiser when predicting future actions and events?. Journal of personality and social psychology, 61(4), 521.

Erickson, R. J. (1995). The importance of authenticity for self and society. Symbolic interaction, 18(2), 121-144.

Eyal, T., & Liberman, N. (2012). Morality and psychological distance: A construal level theory perspective. The social psychology of morality: Exploring the causes of good and evil, 185-202.

George, L. K. (1998). Self and identity in later life: Protecting and enhancing the self. Journal of Aging and Identity, 3(3), 133-152.

Gonzales, M. H., Burgess, D. J., & Mobilio, L. J. (2001). The allure of bad plans: Implications of plan quality for progress toward possible selves and postplanning energization. Basic and applied social psychology, 23(2), 87-108.

Gravetter, F., & Wallnau, L. (2014). Introduction to the t statistic. Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 8, 252.

Griffin, D. W., Dunning, D., & Ross, L. (1990). The role of construal processes in overconfident predictions about the self and others. Journal of personality and social psychology, 59(6), 1128.

Harter, S. (2002). Authenticity. Dalam C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez. Handbook of positive psychology (hal. 382-394). New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press

Heller, D., Stephan, E., Kifer, Y., & Sedikides, C. (2011). What will I be? The role of temporal perspective in predictions of affect, traits, and self-narratives. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(3), 610-615.

Kahneman, D., & Lovallo, D. (1993). Timid choices and bold forecasts: A cognitive perspective on risk taking. Management science, 39(1), 17-31.

Kernis, M. H. (2003). Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological inquiry, 14(1), 1-26.

Kernis, M. H., & Goldman, B. M. (2006). A multicomponent conceptualization of authenticity: Theory and research. Advances in experimental social psychology, 38, 283-357.

Krueger, J. (1998). Enhancement Bias in Descriptions of Self and Others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24 (5), 505–516.

Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (1998). The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions: A test of temporal construal theory. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(1), 5.

Liberman, N., Trope, Y., & Rim, S. (2011). Prediction: A construal-level theory perspective. Predictions in the brain: Using our past to generate a future, 144-158.

Markus, H., & Wurf, E. (1987). The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective. Annual review of psychology, 38(1), 299-337.

Newby-Clark, I. R., & Ross, M. (2003). Conceiving the past and future. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(7), 807-818.

Newman, G. E., Bloom, P., & Knobe, J. (2014). Value judgments and the true self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(2), 203-216.

Nussbaum, S., Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (2006). Predicting the near and distant future. Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 135(2), 152.

Preuss, G. S., & Alicke, M. D. (2009). Everybody loves me: Self-evaluations and metaperceptions of dating popularity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(7), 937-950.

Pronin, E., Gilovich, T., & Ross, L. (2004). Objectivity in the eye of the beholder: divergent perceptions of bias in self versus others. Psychological review, 111(3), 781.

Rim, S., Uleman, J. S., & Trope, Y. (2009). Spontaneous trait inference and construal level theory: Psychological distance increases nonconscious trait thinking. Journal of experimental social psychology, 45(5), 1088-1097.

Rogers, C. R. (1963). Toward a science of the person. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 3(2), 72-92.

Sedikides, C., Strube, M. J. (1995). The Multiply Motivated Self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21 (12), 1330–1335.

Sedikides, C., & Gregg, A. P. (2008). Self-enhancement: Food for thought. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(2), 102-116.

Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006). How to increase and sustain positive emotion: The effects of expressing gratitude and visualizing best possible selves. The journal of positive psychology, 1(2), 73-82.

Stephan, E., Sedikides, C., Heller, D., and Shidlovski, D. (2015). My Fair Future Self: The Role of Temporal Distance and Self-Enhancement in Prediction. Social Cognition, 33(2), 149-168.

Strohminger, N., Knobe, J., & Newman, G. (2017). The true self: A psychological concept distinct from the self. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(4), 551-560.

Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: a social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological bulletin, 103(2), 193.

Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2000). Temporal construal and time-dependent changes in preference. Journal of personality and social psychology, 79(6), 876.

Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2010). Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Psychological review, 117(2), 440.

Trope, Y., Liberman, N., & Wakslak, C. (2007). Construal levels and psychological distance: Effects on representation, prediction, evaluation, and behavior. Journal of consumer psychology, 17(2), 83-95.

Trope, Y. (2012). Construal Level Theory. In P. K. Van Lange, Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (hal. 118-134). Washington DC: Sage Publications Ltd.

Wakslak, C. J., Nussbaum, S., Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (2008). Representations of the self in the near and distant future. Journal of personality and social psychology, 95(4), 757.

Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of personality and social psychology, 39(5), 806.

Wild, J. (1965). Authentic existence: A new approach to "value theory." In J. M. Edie (Ed.). An invitation to phenomenology: Studies in the philosophy of experience (hal. 59—78). Chicago: Quadrangle Books.

Wilson, T. D., Wheatley, T., Meyers, J. M., Gilbert, D. T., & Axsom, D. (2000). Focalism: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78(5), 821.

Downloads

Published

27-09-2018

How to Cite

Adhandayani, A., & Takwin, B. (2018). Pengaruh Self-Enhancement dan Authenticity terhadap Prediksi Diri Masa Depan. Jurnal Psikogenesis, 6(1), 104–117. https://doi.org/10.24854/jps.v6i1.637

Issue

Section

Articles