Gambaran Psychological Well-Being pada Penyintas COVID-19
Authors
-
Yohanes Aldiyasa Setyo Bimantoro
Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya
-
Wieka Dyah Partasari
Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya
Keywords:
psychological well-being, COVID-19 Survivor, COVID-19Abstract
Pandemi COVID-19 telah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia selama lebih dari dua tahun, berdampak pada kesehatan mental individu, terutama bagi mereka yang terpapar COVID-19. Penyintas COVID-19 harus menanggung dampak fisik & psikologis selama pemulihan, dan dapat mengalami stigma dari lingkungan. Pengalaman menghadapi dan pulih dari COVID-19 akan mempengaruhi kesehatan mental para penyintas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran psychological well-being penyintas COVID-19 di Indonesia dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Terdapat 133 orang penyintas COVID-19 berusia 18-60 tahun yang menjadi partisipan pada penelitian ini, yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) yang telah diadaptasi ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dan diberikan secara daring. Uji coba alat ukur dengan metode Cronbach’s Alpha menunjukkan hasil yang reliabel dengan jumlah item akhir 76 butir. Peneliti melakukan analisis deskriptif dan uji beda dengan metode Mann-Whitney & Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan sebagian besar penyintas COVID-19 memiliki psychological well-being yang cenderung tinggi. Hasil analisis masing-masing dimensi positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, personal growth, dan purpose in life juga menunjukkan hasil mayoritas cenderung tinggi. Ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan berdasarkan usia dengan skor tertinggi pada kategori usia dewasa madya. Ditemukan bahwa individu penyintas menerima dukungan sosial selama menjalani masa perawatan, kebanyakan bersumber dari keluarga dan teman. Dukungan sosial tersebut membawa dampak positif kepada perasaan penyintas dalam menghadapi penyakit. Setelah sembuh mayoritas penyintas mendapatkan tanggapan yang positif dari orang di sekitarnya, tetapi terdapat partisipan yang mengalami stigmatisasi akibat statusnya sebagai penyintas COVID-19.References
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., & Dong, J., (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. sPsych. Res. 287:112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston, MA Pearson.
Dastmanesh, S., Dookohaki, R., Aliabadi, E. G., Alesheikh, A., Hamidizadeh, S., Kargar, L., Samani, N. K., & Khiyali, Z. (2022). Relationship between social support and COVID-19 anxiety in the elderly. Archivos Venezolanos De Farmacologia y Terapéutica, 41(2), 149-153. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6578864.
Engger, E. (2015). Adaptasi ryff psychological well-being scale dalam konteks indonesia. Skripsi thesis, Sanata Dharma University. Diakses dari https://repository.usd.ac.id/103/
Eva, N., Sari, Q. A. F., Andini, R. D., Mahasin, S. Z. (2021). The role of optimism in responding to covid-19. International Conference of Psychology, 4(15) 365-369. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4il5.8224
Handayani, A. M. S., & Nurdin, N. (2021). Understanding women’s psychological well-being in post-natural disaster recovery. Medico Legal Update, 21(3), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i3.2977.
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2021). Program Vaksinasi COVID-19 Mulai Dilakukan, Presiden Orang Pertama Penerima Suntikan Vaksin COVID-19. Diakses dari http://p2p.kemkes.go.id/program-vaksinasi-covid-19-mulai-dilakukan-presiden-orang-pertama-penerima-suntikan-vaksin-covid-19/
Kang, Y., Cosme, D., Pei, R., Pandey, P., Carreras-Tartak, J., & Falk, E. B. (2021). Purpose in life, loneliness, and protective health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, The Gerontologist, 61(6), 878-887. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnab081. Diakses dari https://academic.oup.com/gerontologist/article/61/6/878/6298550
Kiswantomo, H., & Wardani, R. (2021). Meta-analysis of dimension of autonomy on the psychological well-being measurement in Indonesia. Indigenous: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 6(2). 25-36. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/indigenous.v6i2.11945. Diakses dari https://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/indigenous/article/view/11945/6929
Liu, C., Huang, N., Fu, M., Zhang, H., Feng X. L., & Guo, J. (2021). Relationship between risk perception, social support, and mental health among general chinese population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14,1843-1853. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S302521
Liviana, P.H., Setiawati, L., & Sariti, I. (2020). Stigma dan perilaku masyarakat pada pasien positif covid-19. Jurnal Gawat Darurat, 2(2). 95-100.
Moradi, Y., Mollazadeh, F., Karimi, P., Hosseingholipour, K., & Baghaei, R. (2020). Psychological disturbances of survivors throughout covid-19 crisis: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-03009-w
Nagaraj, M. (2017). Anxiety and psychological well-being among adult and old age. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(3), 190-195. DOI: 10.25215/0403.099.
Olufadewa, I., Adesina, M., Oladokun, B., Baru, A., Oladele, R., Iyanda, T., Ajibade, O., & Abudu, F. (2020). “I was scared i might die alone”: A qualitative study on the physiological and psychological experience of covid-19 survivors and the quality of care received at health facilities. International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health, 8(2), 51-57. doi: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2020.09
Özgüç, S., Kaplan Serin, E., & Tanriverdi, D. (2021). Death anxiety associated with coronavirus (COVID-19) disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 0(0), 1-34. Diakses dari https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/00302228211050503
Pantow, P., J., T., Naharia, M., & Kumaat, T. D. (2021). Psychological well-being penyintas covid-19 di kota bitung. Psikopedia, 1(1). Diakses dari https://ejurnal-mapalus-unima.ac.id/index.php/psikopedia/article/view/1615
Poudel, A., Gurung, B., & Khanal., G. P., (2020) Perceived social support and psychological wellbeing among nepalese adolescents: the mediating role of self esteem. BMC Psychology. 8(43).
Prasetya, E. (2021, Agustus 23). Fixpoll: Banyak Masyarakat Belum Vaksinasi Covid karena Takut Efek Sampingnya. Merdeka. Diakses dari https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/fixpoll-banyak-masyarakat-belum-vaksinasi-covid-karena-takut-efek-sampingnya.html
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.
doi:10.1037/00223514.57.6.1069
Ryff, C. & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: meaning, measurement, and implications for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 65(1), 14–23. doi:10.1159/000289026.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.4.719
Santrock, J. W. (2012). Life Span Development: Fourteen Edition. McGraw-Hill
Sissons, B. (2021). What to know about long covid. Diakses dari https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/long-covid#prevalence
Serafini, G., Parmigiani, B., Amerio, A., Aguglia, A., Sher, L., & Amore, M., (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 on the mental health in the general population, QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(8), 531–537, https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa201 Diakses dari: https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/113/8/531/5860841
Shanbehzadeh., S., Tavahomi. M., Zanjari., N., Tahamjani, I. E., & Arimi, S. S.(2021). Physical and mental health complications post-covid-19: Scoping review. Psychosom Res. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jpsychores.2021.110525. Diakses dari Physical and mental health complications post-COVID-19: Scoping review - PMC (nih.gov)
Shepherd, K., Golijani-Moghaddam, N., & Dawson, D, L. (2022). Acting towards better living during COVID-19: The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy for individuals affected by COVID-19. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 23, 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.12.003. Diakses dari https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8674651/
Sun, N., Wei, L., Wang, H., Wang, X., Gao, M., Hu, X., & Shi, S. (2021). Qualitative study of the psychological experience of covid-19 patients during hospitalization. J Affect Disord. 2021 Jan 1;278:15-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.040. Diakses dari https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32949869
Taylor, S. E. (1983). Adjustment to Threatening Events: A Theory of Cognitive Adaptation. American Psychologist, 38, 1161-1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.38.11.1161
Tuason, T. M., Guss. C. D., & Boyd, L. (2021). Thriving during covid-19: predictors of psychological well-being and ways of coping. PLOS. Diakses dari https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248591
Wahyuhadi, J., Efendi, F., Al Farabi, M. J., Harymawan, I., Ariana, A. D., Arifin, H., Adnani, Q. E. S., & Levkovich, I. (2022). Association of stigma with mental health and quality of life among Indonesian COVID-19 survivors. PLoS ONE, 17(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264218.
World Health Organization (2020). Coronavirus. Diakses dari https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_3
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
