Gambaran Kesepian dan Strategi Coping pada Lansia di Masa Pandemi COVID-19

Natasha Christy; Wieka Dyah Partasari

doi:10.24854/jps.v10i2.2891

Authors

Natasha Christy Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya
Wieka Dyah Partasari Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya

https://doi.org/10.24854/jps.v10i2.2891

Keywords:

lansia, kesepian, coping, pandemi COVID-19

Abstract

Pembatasan sosial yang berlaku selama pandemi COVID-19 membatasi ruang gerak, memicu perasaan terisolasi yang berdampak pada kondisi kesehatan mental masyarakat. Pada kelompok lansia, pembatasan sosial menyebabkan kesulitan untuk mempertahankan relasi dan menimbulkan kesepian. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kesepian pada lansia selama pandemi COVID-19. Untuk menghadapi permasalahan kesepian yang meningkat di kalangan lansia, diperlukan strategi coping yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran kesepian dan strategi coping lansia selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif fenomenologis, metode sampling purposive dengan teknik homogeneous. Ada empat partisipan berusia 65 tahun ke atas, berdomilisi di Jabodetabek, tinggal di rumah, dan mampu berkomunikasi dengan baik. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara semi-structured terhadap partisipan utama dan significant others untuk triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan lansia merasakan kesepian karena berkurangnya kepuasan terhadap relasi sosial. Keempat partisipan menggunakan jenis strategi coping: active coping, instrumental dan emotional support, positive reframing, serta religion. Penggunaan teknologi dan pengaturan tempat tinggal bersama keluarga atau tinggal dekat dengan anggota keluarga menjadi faktor yang mendukung lansia untuk dapat mempertahankan relasi selama pandemi COVID-19. Ditemukan pula faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kesejahteraan lansia, yaitu tekanan sebagai caregiver, masalah keuangan akibat penurunan pendapatan, dan terbatasnya akses lansia untuk melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan.

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