Resilience and Religious Coping as Moderators in The Interaction of Trait Anxiety and Pain Catastrophizing

Authors

https://doi.org/10.24854/jps.v10i1.2848

Keywords:

chronic pain, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, religious coping, resilience

Abstract

Chronic pain in young adults can affect daily activity ranging from interfering with work productivity, restricting social life, intruding on developmental tasks, lessening the quality of life, to triggering psychological disorders. This condition can be worse if individuals with chronic pain have anxiety issue that makes them engage in pain catastrophizing, i.e., thinking about the pain fatally. In discussing chronic pain, previous studies sought the negative factors around pain experience. Nowadays, professionals pay more attention to the positive factor, like resilience (ability to bounce back). Besides, when dealing with negative life events, Indonesian also tend to implement religious culture, values, and practices. In this study, the author examines the role of resilience and religious coping as moderators in the interaction of trait anxiety and pain catastrophizing. A total of 275 individuals with chronic pain aged 18-35 participated in this study. Participants informed their consent and filled out a set of questionnaires that described their pain experiences. The regression analysis results show that positive religious coping has a moderating role in the interaction of trait anxiety and pain catastrophizing. Having a good connection with God or a higher being, as well as others and oneself, can help chronic pain patients deal with their pain. From this finding, professionals can consider positive religious coping an intervention target when helping chronic pain patients.

References

Alschuler, K. N., Kratz, A. L., & Ehde, D. M. (2016). Resilience and vulnerability in individuals with chronic pain and physical disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 61(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000055

Ankawi, B., Slepian, P. M., Himawan, L. K., & France, C. R. (2017). Validation of the pain resilience scale in a chronic pain sample. The Journal of Pain, 18(8), 984–993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2017.03.013

Ano, G. G., & Vasconcelles, E. B. (2005). Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 461–480. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20049

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2019). Laporan nasional Riskesdas 2018. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf

Baetz, M., & Bowen, R. (2008). Chronic pain and fatigue: Associations with religion and spirituality. Pain Research and Management, 13(5), 383–388. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/263751

Barlow, D. H. (2004). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. Guilford Publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Lx9hf-3ZJCQC

Blyth, F. M., March, L. M., Brnabic, A. J. M., Jorm, L. R., Williamson, M., & Cousins, M. J. (2001). Chronic pain in Australia: A prevalence study. 89(2), 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00355-9

Bunge, F. M., & Vreeland, N. (Eds.). (1983). Indonesia: A country study. American University. https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=1VTgXgmkRi0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Indonesia:+A+country+study&ots=8x1tSImLu8&sig=5lFf6H74rr1-gEpBn9XgQR3ekGg#v=onepage&q=Indonesia%3A%20A%20country%20study&f=false

Büssing, A., Michalsen, A., Balzat, H.-J., Grünther, R.-A., Ostermann, T., Neugebauer, E. A. M., & Matthiessen, P. F. (2009). Are spirituality and religiosity resources for patients with chronic pain conditions? Pain Medicine, 10(2), 327–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00572.x

Demyttenaere, K., Bruffaerts, R., Lee, S., Posada-Villa, J., Kovess, V., Angermeyer, M. C., Levinson, D., de Girolamo, G., Nakane, H., Mneimneh, Z., Lara, C., de Graaf, R., Scott, K. M., Gureje, O., Stein, D. J., Haro, J. M., Bromet, E. J., Kessler, R. C., Alonso, J., & Von Korff, M. (2007). Mental disorders among persons with chronic back or neck pain: Results from the world mental health surveys. Pain, 129(3), 332–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.022

Diepenmaat, A. C. M., van der Wal, M. F., de Vet, H. C. W., & Hirasing, R. A. (2006). Neck/shoulder, low back, and arm pain in relation to computer use, physical activity, stress, and depression among Dutch adolescents. PEDIATRICS, 117(2), 412–416. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-2766

Djais, N., & Kalim, H. (2002). Profile of patients with lower back pain in Dr Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia: Patients with lower back pain. APLAR Journal of Rheumatology, 5(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0219-4810.2002.00001.x

Eifert, G. H., Coburn, K. E., & Seville, J. L. (1992). Putting the client in control: The perception of control in the behavioral treatment of anxiety. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 5(2), 165–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615809208250495

Ferreira-Valente, A., Sharma, S., Torres, S., Smothers, Z., Pais-Ribeiro, J., Abbott, J. H., & Jensen, M. P. (2022). Does religiosity/spirituality play a role in function, pain-related beliefs, and coping in patients with chronic pain? A systematic review. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(3), 2331–2385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00914-7

Gidron, Y. (2013). Trait anxiety. In M. D. Gellman & J. R. Turner (Eds.), Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 1989–1989). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1539

Goodwin, R. D., Weinberger, A. H., Kim, J. H., Wu, M., & Galea, S. (2020). Trends in anxiety among adults in the United States, 2008–2018: Rapid increases among young adults. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 130, 441–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.014

Harris, J. I., Usset, T., Krause, L., Schill, D., Reuer, B., Donahue, R., & Park, C. L. (2018). Spiritual/religious distress Is associated with pain catastrophizing and interference in veterans with chronic pain. Pain Medicine, 19(4), 757–763. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnx225

Kawai, K., Kawai, A. T., Wollan, P., & Yawn, B. P. (2017). Adverse impacts of chronic pain on health-related quality of life, work productivity, depression and anxiety in a community-based study. Family Practice, 34(6), 656–661. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmx034

Keefe, F. J., Affleck, G., Lefebvre, J., Underwood, L., Caldwell, D. S., Drew, J., Egert, J., Gibson, J., & Pargament, K. (2001). Living with rheumatoid arthritis: The role of daily spirituality and daily religious and spiritual coping. The Journal of Pain, 2(2), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1054/jpai.2001.19296

Kim, S., Whibley, D., Williams, D. A., & Kratz, A. L. (2020). Pain acceptance in people with chronic pain and spinal cord injury: Daily fluctuation and impacts on physical and psychosocial functioning. The Journal of Pain, 21(3–4), 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2019.08.014

Kopec, J. A., Sayre, E. C., & Esdaile, J. M. (2004). Predictors of back pain in a general population cohort. Spine, 29(1), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.BRS.0000103942.81227.7F

Lavoie, K. (2013). Anxiety. In M. D. Gellman & J. R. Turner (Eds.), Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 106–108). Springer New York.

Linton, S. J., & Shaw, W. S. (2011). Impact of psychological factors in the experience of pain. Physical Therapy, 91(5), 700–711. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20100330

López-Martínez, A., Ríos-Velasco, L., Ruiz-Párraga, G., Esteve-Zarazaga, R., & Sánchez-Reina, A. (2009). The role of resilience and acceptance versus catastrophizing and pain-related fear in chronic pain adjustment. European Journal of Pain, 13(S1), S273b–S2273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-3801(09)60973-3

Lucchetti, G., Oliveira, A. B., Mercante, J. P. P., & Peres, M. F. P. (2012). Anxiety and fear-avoidance in musculoskeletal pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 16(5), 399–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-012-0286-7

Lysne, C. J., & Wachholtz, A. B. (2010). Pain, spirituality, and meaning making: What can we learn from the literature? Religions, 2(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel2010001

Marteau, T. M., & Bekker, H. (1992). The development of a six?item short?form of the state scale of the Spielberger State—Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(3), 301–306. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.x

Moix, J., Kovacs, F. M., Martín, A., Plana, M. N., Royuela, A., & The Spanish Back Pain Research Network. (2011). Catastrophizing, state anxiety, anger, and depressive symptoms do not correlate with disability when variations of trait anxiety are taken into account. A study of chronic low back pain patients treated in Spanish pain units [NCT00360802]. Pain Medicine, 12(7), 1008–1017. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01155.x

Narita, M., Kaneko, C., Miyoshi, K., Nagumo, Y., Kuzumaki, N., Nakajima, M., Nanjo, K., Matsuzawa, K., Yamazaki, M., & Suzuki, T. (2006). Chronic pain induces anxiety with concomitant changes in opioidergic function in the amygdala. Neuropsychopharmacology, 31(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300858

Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2015). Development through life: A psychosocial approach (Twelfth edition). Cengage Learning.

Nicholas, M., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Rief, W., Barke, A., Aziz, Q., Benoliel, R., Cohen, M., Evers, S., Giamberardino, M. A., Goebel, A., Korwisi, B., Perrot, S., Svensson, P., Wang, S.-J., & Treede, R.-D. (2019). The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: Chronic primary pain. PAIN, 160(1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001390

Ong, A. D., Zautra, A. J., & Reid, M. C. (2010). Psychological resilience predicts decreases in pain catastrophizing through positive emotions. Psychology and Aging, 25(3), 516–523. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019384

Pargament, K., Feuille, M., & Burdzy, D. (2011). The brief RCOPE: Current psychometric status of a short measure of religious coping. Religions, 2(1), 51–76. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel2010051

Pulvers, K., & Hood, A. (2013). The role of positive traits and pain catastrophizing in pain perception. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 17(5), 330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-013-0330-2

Purwata, T. E., Sadeli, H. A., Anwar, Y., Amir, D., Asnawi, C., Rahmawati, D., Partoatmodjo, L., Aulina, S., Widyadarma, P. E., Dalhar, M., Mutiawati, E., Runtuwene, T., Meliala, L., Suryamihardja, A., Permadi, A., Sitorus, F., Siahaan, Y. M. T., Marpaung, E., & Mandua, Y. (2015). Characteristics of neuropathic pain in Indonesia: A hospital based national clinical survey. Neurology Asia, 7.

Ramírez-Maestre, C., & Esteve, R. (2014). The role of sex/gender in the experience of pain: Resilience, fear, and acceptance as central variables in the adjustment of men and women with chronic pain. The Journal of Pain, 15(6), 608-618.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2014.02.006

Ramírez-Maestre, C., Esteve, R., & López, A. E. (2012). The path to capacity: Resilience and spinal chronic pain. Spine, 37(4), E251–E258. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31822e93ab

Ropi, I. (2017). Religion and regulation in Indonesia (1st ed. 2017). Springer Singapore : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2827-4

Slepian, P. M., Ankawi, B., & France, C. R. (2019). Longitudinal analysis supports a fear-avoidance model that incorporates pain resilience alongside pain catastrophizing. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 54(5), 335–345. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaz051

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972

Spielberger, C. D. (2010). State-trait anxiety inventory. In I. B. Weiner & W. E. Craighead (Eds.), The corsini encyclopedia of psychology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0943

Stommen, N. C., Verbunt, J. A., Gorter, S. L., & Goossens, M. E. (2012). Physical activity and disability among adolescents and young adults with non-specific musculoskeletal pain. Disability and Rehabilitation, 34(17), 1438–1443. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2011.645112

Sturgeon, J. A., & Zautra, A. J. (2013). Psychological resilience, pain catastrophizing, and positive emotions: Perspectives on comprehensive modeling of individual pain adaptation. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 17(3), 317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-012-0317-4

Sullivan, M. J. L. (2009). The pain catastrophizing scale: User manual. McGill University.

Tang, J., & Gibson, S. (2005). A psychophysical evaluation of the relationship between trait anxiety, pain perception, and induced state anxiety. The Journal of Pain, 6(9), 612–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2005.03.009

Trompetter, H. R., de Kleine, E., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2017). Why does positive mental health buffer against psychopathology? An exploratory study on self-compassion as a resilience mechanism and adaptive emotion regulation strategy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 41(3), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-016-9774-0

Yuniati, F., & Kamso, S. (2020). Assessing the quality of life among productive age in the general population: A cross-sectional study of family life survey in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 101053952095641. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539520956411

Downloads

Published

09-02-2023

How to Cite

Wirasenjaya, A., & Asih, S. R. (2023). Resilience and Religious Coping as Moderators in The Interaction of Trait Anxiety and Pain Catastrophizing. Jurnal Psikogenesis, 10(1), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.24854/jps.v10i1.2848

Issue

Section

Articles