Air dan Gangguan Fungsi Kognitif
Authors
-
Nur Asiah
Keywords:
dehidrasi, fungsi kognisi, minumAbstract
Dehidrasi merupakan kondisi penurunan volume air tubuh total. Penurunan volume air tubuh sekitar 2% atau lebih tergolong dalam dehidrasi sedang. Dehidrasi dapat terjadi tanpa gejala dan jika berlanjut dapat menimbulkan gangguan kognitif, delirium/ koma bahkan kematian. Hidrasi yang adekuat sangat penting untuk memelihara homeostasis dan kelangsungan hidup manusia, termasuk menjaga fungsi otak. Kegagalan menjaga status hidrasi yang adekuat secara akut akan menyebabkan gangguan fungsi kognitif, fungsi neurologik dan kegagalan fungsi organ yang akhirnya mempengaruhi kualitas hidup. Dehidrasi sedang secara perlahan-lahan dapat menimbulkan gangguan fungsi kognisi. Meskipun delirium merupakan suatu tanda terjadinya disfungsi serebral global akut tetapi gangguan kognitif tidak dapat pulih kembali seperti semula. Berbagai teori telah dikemukakan untuk menjelaskan akibat dehidrasi terhadap gangguan fugnsi kognitif, antara lain teori hormonal dan teori seluler. Data mengenai prevalensi gangguan kognitif akibat dehidrasi belum dapat diperoleh karena sulitnya melakukan penelitian dalam bidang ini. Pencegahan dehidrasi dengan minum sekitar 8 gelas perhari merupakan cara terbaik untuk mencegah terjadinya gangguan kognisi.
References
Benton, D and Burgess, N. 2009. The effect of the consumption of water on the memory and attention of children. Appetite 53, 143–146.
Caroline J. Edmonds, Ben Jeffes 2009. Does having a drink help you think? 6–7-Year-old children show improvements in cognitive performance from baseline to test after having a drink of water. Appetite 53:469-472
Grandjean AC Grandjean NR. 2007. Dehydration and cognitive performance. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. ; 26(5):549S-54S.
Garcia, Esperanza M.2001 .Dehydration of the elderly In nursing homes. Nutrition Noteworthy ;4(1):1-7.
Holben DH, Hassell JT, Williams JL, Helle B. 1999. Fluid intake compared with established Standards and symptoms of dehydration among elderly residents of a long-term-care facility. Journal of the American Dietetic Association ;99(11):1447-1450.
Kempton MJ, Ettinger U, Schmechtig A, Winter EM, Smith L, Terry McMorris T, Wilkinson ID, Williams SCR, Smith MS. 2009. Effects of acute dehydration on brain morphology in healthy humans. Hum Brain Mapp .
Lieberman HR. 2007. Hydration and cognition: a critical review and recommendations for future research. Journal of the American College of Nutrition ,26(5):555S-61S. Maughan RJ. 2003. Impact of mild dehydration on wellness and on exercise performance. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57, Suppl 2:S19-23.
Madewell BJ. Free news letter in Diagnosis ADD ADHD Now what? [cited 2010 May 7]. Available from http://www.addchoices.com).
Popova NK, Ianova LN, Amtislavskaya TG, Melidi NN, Naumenko KS, Maslova LN, Bulygina VV. 2001. Brain serotonin metabolism during water deprivation and hydration in rats. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology;31(3):327-32.
Robert P, Lehr J r. Brain Functions and Map. [cited 2010 May 8 ] Available from: http://www.neuroskills.com/brain.shtml.2010
Szinnai G, Schachinger H, Arnaud MJ, Linder L, Keller U. 2005. Effect of water deprivation on cognitive-motor performance in healthy men and women. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.;289:R275-80.
Wilson MMG, Morley MMG. 2003. Impaired cognitive function and mental performance in mild dehydration. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 57,Suppl 2:S24-9.
